[Evaluation of the OrthoPAT autologous transfusion system by experimental models simulating intra- and postoperative blood salvage]. / Evaluación del sistema de autotransfusión orthoPat, utilizando modelos experimentales de simulación de recuperación de sangre intra y postoperatoria.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of the OrthoPAT (Haemonetics) system for blood salvage and for removing chemical or cellular debris, by experimental models simulating intra- and postoperative conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Blood samples (20%-25% packed red cells) were prepared for the intraoperative model (n=8) and the postoperative model (n=22). Surgical compresses were soaked in some samples (n=5). Other samples were supplemented with hemolyzed blood (n=7). From others cytokines were removed and blood activated with bacterial liposaccharides (n=10) was added. The samples were analyzed before and after processing; tests included detection of free plasma hemoglobin (FPH), potassium ions (K+), glutamic oxalic transaminase (GOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), proteins, and cytokines. RESULTS: In the intraoperative model 2935 (SD 260) mL of blood was processed. The concentration of packed red cells was 63% and 80% of the red cells were recovered. In the postoperative model 652 (35) mL was processed, the packed red cell concentration was 67% and 81% of the red cells were recovered. Reductions were observed in the concentrations of white blood cells (72%), platelets (88%), GOT and LDH (75%), and proteins and K+ (>95%). Fifty percent of the red cells were recovered in the surgical compresses model. In the hemolysis model, the K+ and FPH concentrations were reduced more than 95%. In the cytokine model, up to 90% of the interleukin 1beta, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor content was removed from the activated blood samples. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the OrthoPAT system washes blood and salvages content effectively, recovering 80% of red cells. Moreover, its processing capacity (800-1000 mL x h(-1)) seems adequate for blood replacement in orthopedic surgery.

Evaluación del sistema de autotransfusión OrthoPAT®, utilizando modelos experimentales de simulación de recuperación de sangre intra y postoperatoria / Evaluation of the OrthoPAT® autologous transfusion system by experimental models simulating intra- and postoperative blood salvage

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia del sistema de autotransfusión OrthoPAT® (Haemonetics) en la recuperación de hematíes y su capacidad para eliminar contaminantes químicos o celulares, utilizando diferentes modelos experimentales de recuperación de sangre intra y post-operatoria. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se prepararon mezclas de sangre (Htc=20-25%) que fueron utilizadas en los modelos de recuperación intraoperatoria (n=8), postoperatoria (n=22), y de compresas quirúrgicas (n=5), así como en los de hemólisis (suplementadas sangre hemolizada, n=7) y eliminación de citocinas (suplementadas con sangre activada con liposacárido bacteriano, n=10). Se determinaron hematimetría, hemoglobina libre en plasma (HBLP), K+, GOT, LDH, proteínas y citocinas, antes y después del procesamiento de la sangre. RESULTADOS: En modelo intraoperatorio, se procesaron 2935±260 mL de sangre, obteniéndose un concentrado de hematíes con Htc del 63% y recuperándose el 80% de los hematíes. En el postoperatorio, estos valores fueron 652±35 mL, 67% y 81%, respectivamente, y se redujo el contenido de leucocitos (72%), plaquetas (88%), GOT y LDH (75%), proteínas y potasio (>95%). En el de compresas, se recuperó el 50% de los hematíes. En el de hemólisis, hubo una reducción >95% del contenido de K+ y HBLP. En el de citocinas, se eliminó hasta el 90% del contenido de IL-1β, IL-6 y TNFα de las mezclas suplementadas con sangre activada. CONCLUSIONES: De estos resultados parece concluirse que el sistema OrthoPAT® realiza un lavado y concentración efectivos de la sangre, recuperando el 80% de los hematíes. Además, su capacidad de procesamiento (800- 1000 mL h-1) parece ser adecuada para la reposición hemática en cirugía ortopédica

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of the OrthoPAT® (Haemonetics) system for blood salvage and for removing chemical or cellular debris, by experimental models simulating intra- and postoperative conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Blood samples (20%-25% packed red cells) were prepared for the intraoperative model (n=8) and the postoperative model (n=22). Surgical compresses were soaked in some samples (n=5). Other samples were supplemented with hemolyzed blood (n=7). From others cytokines were removed and blood activated with bacterial liposaccharides (n=10) was added. The samples were analyzed before and after processing; tests included detection of free plasma hemoglobin (FPH), potassium ions (K+), glutamic oxalic transaminase (GOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), proteins, and cytokines. RESULTS: In the intraoperative model 2935 (SD 260) mL of blood was processed. The concentration of packed red cells was 63% and 80% of the red cells were recovered. In the postoperative model 652 (35) mL was processed, the packed red cell concentration was 67% and 81% of the red cells were recovered. Reductions were observed in the concentrations of white blood cells (72%), platelets (88%), GOT and LDH(75%), and proteins and K+ (>95%). Fifty percent of the red cells were recovered in the surgical compresses model. In the hemolysis model, the K+ and FPH concentrations were reduced more than 95%. In the cytokine model, up to 90% of the interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor content was removed from the activated blood samples. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the OrthoPAT® system washes blood and salvages content effectively, recovering 80% of red cells. Moreover, its processing capacity (800-1000 mL·h-1) seems adequate for blood replacement in orthopedic surgery

[Determination of serum ferritin: ideas for avoiding induced ferropenia in blood donors]. / Determinación de ferritina sérica: consideraciones para evitar ferropenia inducida en donantes de sangre.

PURPOSE: To evaluate blood donation as a cause of iron deficiency. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Serum ferritin levels were determined by enzymoimmunoassay with an SRItm autoanalyser in 500 blood donors of both sexes chosen at random and in 200 suitors for blood donation, used as control group. Iron deficiency was defined by ferritin values below 15 ng/dL. Age, sex, total number of blood donations and those carried out in the last year were all correlated for the statistical analysis, performed with the SPSS/PC+ pack. RESULTS: The mean ferritin value in men was 86.0 ng/dL, and in women this was 27.1 ng/dL. With respect to the control group, blood donors showed increased iron deficiency, 7.4% for men and 11.8% for women. Highly significant direct correlation was found in male donors between total donations, last-year donations and age, and between total number of donations and age in female donors; highly significant inverse correlation was found between total number of donations, last-year donations and ferritin levels among the male donors, while these correlations lacked significance in the female donors. When correlating last-year donations with mean ferritin levels in women, low, although constant, ferritin values were seen, whereas a marked descent was found in men. Iron deficiency was strikingly spread among women, ranging between 21% of those with one blood donation to 46% in those with 4 donations during the last year; in men, iron deficiency was present in 14% of those with 4 or more blood donations in the last year. With respect to total number of blood donations and mean ferritin values, iron deficiency was found in 50% of the women with 8 donations and in 12.8% of men with 14 donations. Ferritin levels decrease in blood donors with aging beyond two blood donations in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: 1st) Iron deficiency related to blood donation is demonstrated. This deficiency is clearly seen in men after the first blood donations and is more intense in women, as their previous reserves are lower. 2nd) Ferritin is the best marker for estimating iron deposits, and enzymoimmunoassay is the technique of choice as it seems easy to perform and is automatic. 3rd) Determining ferritin levels in the first blood donation seems advisable in order to assess previous deposits and to evaluate yearly the state or iron reserves. 4th) Iron supplement is advisable during the 4 first donations in regular blood donors and in those with iron deficiency, with ferrous sulphate at a dose of 100 mg/day for 10 days.